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Editor's Note
Welcome to issue 89 of Current Musicology, the first publication of our forty-fifth year. This journal primarily provides space for peer-reviewed articles by scholars in the early stages of their careers. We take an inclusive approach to musicology, and invite submissions that reflect the multitude of topics, theoretical approaches, and disciplinary partnerings that are available to today's scholar of music and music cultures
Consumer preferences for scanning modality to diagnose focal liver lesions
Objectives: Differences in the process of using liver imaging technologies might be important to patients. This study aimed to investigate preferences for scanning modalities used in diagnosing focal liver lesions. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was administered to 504 adults aged 25 years. Respondents made repeated choices between two hypothetical scans, described according to waiting time for scan and results, procedure type, the chance of minor side-effects, and whether further scanning procedures were likely to be required. Choice data were analyzed using mixed-logit models with respondent characteristics used to explain preference heterogeneity. Results: Respondents preferred shorter waiting times, the procedure to be undertaken with a handheld scanner on a couch instead of within a body scanner, no side-effects, and no followâup scans (p .01). The average respondent was willing to wait an additional 2 weeks for the scan if it resulted in avoiding side-effects, 1.5 weeks to avoid further procedures or to be told the results immediately, and 1 week to have the scan performed on a couch with a handheld scanner. However, substantial heterogeneity was observed in the strength of preference for desirable imaging characteristics. Conclusions: An average individual belonging to a general population subâgroup most likely to require imaging to characterize focal liver lesions in the United Kingdom would prefer contrastâenhanced ultrasound over magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Insights into the patient perspective around differential characteristics of imaging modalities have the potential to be used to guide recommendations around the use of these technologies
A Review of the Research on Offender Supervision in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
This paper reviews existing research on offender supervision in the
Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Three distinct areas are considered:
practising offender supervision, experiencing supervision and decision-making in this
sphere. The material presented draws on findings from a European-wide research
action under the Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) initiative. The
review highlights some of the gaps in knowledge and the need to focus research
attention in this area. This need is underlined by the expansion in probationâs role,
both North and South. In common with other countries there has been a growth in
referrals to probation and in the numbers of people subject to supervision, whether
on a community sentence or under post-custodial licence conditions. This review
highlights some of the relevant factors including the increased emphasis placed on
public protection and attempts to reduce the prison population. The circulation of
people through systems and the experiences, processes and decision-making involved
are all areas that we argue are worthy of further research attention
Analysis of the quantitative terms in the discussion of the United States in three fifth grade geography textbooks
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit
Developing the Feedback Process: Promoting Teacher and Student Dialogue via the Use of Screen Capture and Audio
Hadlow College is part of the Mixed Economy Group (MEG): approximately 40 Colleges, which are seeking to provide effective support to higher education (HE) students within further education (FE) institutions. As part of this commitment we have been studying how to improve the quality of our HE formative feedback for written assignments and posters. We are conscious of existing research within higher education institutions (HEIs) to overhaul formative assessment and feedback practices: e.g. the Re-engineering Assessment Practices (REAP) project at the Universities of Glasgow and Glasgow Caledonian (see Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick, 2006). In that research seven principles of good feedback practice had been identified: (i) clarify what good performance is; (ii) facilitate self-assessment; (iii) deliver high quality feedback information; (iv) encourage teacher and peer dialogue; (v) encourage positive motivation and self-esteem; (vi) provide opportunities to close the gap, and; (vii) use feedback to improve teaching. We wanted to find a tool that would allow the use of screen capture and audio to increase feedback options for HE students at Hadlow College
Competing in hot conditions at the Tokyo Olympic Games : Preparation strategies used by Australian race walkers
Introduction: The Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games was anticipated to expose athletes to the most challenging climatic conditions experienced in the history of the modern Olympic Games. This study documents strategies executed by Australian endurance athletes during the team holding camp and Olympic Games experiences, including (1) baseline physiological data, training data, and heat acclimation/acclimatization practices; (2) pre- and in-race cooling and nutritional strategies, and (3) Olympic Games race performance data.
Methods: Six athletes (three males, three females; age 24 ± 4 years; VO2max 63.2 ± 8.7 mLâ
kgâ1â
minâ1; sum of 7 skinfolds 53.1 ± 23.4 mm) were observed prior to and during the team holding camp held in Cairns, QLD, Australia. Athletes completed 6â7 weeks of intermittent heat acclimation training, utilizing a combination of 2â4 passive and active acclimation sessions per week. Active acclimation was systematically increased via exposure time, exercise intensity, temperature, and humidity. In the team holding camp, athletes undertook a further 23 heat acclimatization training sessions over 18 days in a continuous fashion. Hyperhydration (using sodium and glycerol osmolytes), and internal and external pre-and in-race cooling methods were also utilized. A low energy availability intervention was implemented with two athletes, as a strategy to periodize ideal race body composition. Race performance data and environmental conditions from the 2021 Olympic Games were also documented.
Results: The highest values for aerobic capacity were 63.6 mLâ
kgâ1â
minâ1 for female race walkers and 73.7 mLâ
kgâ1â
minâ1 for males. Training volume for the six athletes was the highest in the second week of the team holding camp, and training intensity was lowest in the first week of the team holding camp. Performance outcomes included 6th place in the womenâs 20 km event (1:30:39), which was within 2% of her 20 km personal best time, and 8th place in the menâs 50 km event (3:52:01), which was a personal best performance time.
Conclusion: Periodized training, heat acclimation/acclimatization, cooling and nutritional strategies study may have contributed to the race outcomes in Olympic Games held hot, humid conditions, for the race walkers within this observational study
Postexercise hot-water immersion does not further enhance heat adaptation or performance in endurance athletes training in a hot environment
Purpose: Hot-water immersion (HWI) after training in temperate conditions has been shown to induce thermophysiological adaptations and improve endurance performance in the heat; however, the potential additive effects of HWI and training in hot outdoor conditions remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated postexercise HWI in athletes training in a hot environment. Methods: A total of 13 (9 female) elite/preelite racewalkers completed a 15-day training program in outdoor heat (mean afternoon high temperature = 34.6°C). Athletes were divided into 2 matched groups that completed either HWI (40°C for 30â40 min) or seated rest in 21°C (CON), following 8 training sessions. Preâpost testing included a 30-minute fixed-intensity walk in heat, laboratory incremental walk to exhaustion, and 10,000-m outdoor time trial. Results: Training frequency and volume were similar between groups (P = .54). Core temperature was significantly higher during immersion in HWI (38.5 [0.3]) than CON (37.8°C [0.2°C]; P .05). There were significant (P < .05) preâpost differences for both groups in submaximal exercising heart rate (âŒ11 beats·minâ1), sweat rate (0.34â0.55 L·hâ1) and thermal comfort (1.2â1.5 arbitrary units), and 10,000-m racewalking performance time (âŒ3 min). Conclusions: Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in markers of heat adaptation and performance; however, the addition of HWI did not provide further enhancements. Improvements in adaptation appeared to be maximized by the training program in hot conditions
Post-exercise hot-water immersion does not further enhance heat adaptation or performance in endurance athletes training in hot environment
INTRODUCTION:
Hot-water immersion (HWI) after training in temperate conditions has been shown to induce thermophysiological adaptations and improve endurance performance in the heat, however, the potential additive effects of HWI and training in hot outdoor conditions remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of repeated post-exercise HWI in athletes training in a hot environment.
METHODS:
Thirteen (9 female) elite/pre-elite partially heat acclimatized racewalkers completed a 15-day training program in outdoor heat (mean afternoon high temperature=34.6°C). Athletes were divided into two groups matched for VO2max and 10,000 m walking performance time that completed either HWI (40°C for 30-40 min) or seated rest in 21°C (CON), following 8 training sessions. Pre-post testing included a 30-min fixed-intensity walk in heat, laboratory incremental walk to exhaustion and 10,000 m outdoor time-trial.
RESULTS:
Training frequency and volume was similar between groups (P=0.54). Core temperature was significantly higher during immersion in HWI (38.5 ± 0.3) than CON (37.8 ± 0.2°C; P0.05). There were significant (P<0.05) pre-post differences for both groups in submaximal exercising heart rate (~11 bpm) sweat rate (0.34-0.55 L.h-1) and thermal comfort (1.2â1.5 arbitrary units), and 10,000 m racewalking performance time (~3 min).
CONCLUSION:
After a 15-day heat training intervention, we observed significantly improved submaximal exercising heart rate, sweat rate, and thermal comfort, as well as improved 10,000 m racewalking performance in both groups. However, the addition of HWI did not further enhance heat adaptation or performance in partially heat-acclimatized athletes. Physiological adaptation appeared to be optimized from training in hot conditions alone
Increased Psychological Distress during COVID-19 and Quarantine in Ireland: A national survey.
Background: The emergence of the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) resulted in a global pandemic. The psychological impact of an epidemic is multifaceted and acute, with long-term consequences. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey-based design was employed, assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on members of the Irish public during the quarantine period of COVID-19 in Ireland. Participants were invited to complete the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) retrospectively (prior to quarantine) and during the quarantine period, as well as measures of illness perceptions, well-being, and a bespoke measure (the Effects of COVID Questionnaire, ECQ), which assessed perceptions of COVID-related stresses associated with personal concerns, caring for children, caring for aging parents, as well as gratitude. Results: A total of n = 1620 entered the survey platform, with a total of n = 847 surveys completed by members of the Irish public. Entry into COVID-19 quarantine was associated with significant increases in clinically significant symptoms of depression, stress, and anxiety. The ECQ reliably assessed a range of COVID-19-related stresses and had large and significant correlations with the DASS-21. Conclusions: The COVID-19 quarantine was associated with stresses and significant increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a national Irish cohort. The public require increased access to mental health services to meet this increase in COVID-19-related psychological distress
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